外文翻譯---plc應(yīng)用于電梯的發(fā)展趨勢

1、<p><b>　　附 錄2</b></p><p>　　PLC應(yīng)用于電梯的發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　?。≒LC）是以計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)為核心的通用自動(dòng)控制裝置，在各行各業(yè)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。在電梯行業(yè)中，PLC的作用得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。本文介紹了PLC控制的五層電梯模型的構(gòu)成、主要功能、PLC的I/O接口分配、PLC的編程方法及對(duì)電梯系統(tǒng)的程序設(shè)計(jì)等。通過對(duì)電梯

2、控制系統(tǒng)的程序設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了電梯的開關(guān)門控制以及在電梯運(yùn)行方式下電梯的呼叫顯示、上下行、起動(dòng)、延時(shí)關(guān)門、平層、?？块_門、信號(hào)排隊(duì)、順向截梯和報(bào)警等控制功能。通過對(duì)軟件程序的編譯、硬件的連接以及電梯模型與PLC控制系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)調(diào)，使得控制系統(tǒng)在電梯模型運(yùn)行過程中直觀的體現(xiàn)出來，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)電梯功能的控制。</p><p>　　21世紀(jì)將會(huì)發(fā)展多用途、全功能的塔式建筑，超高速電梯繼續(xù)成為研究方向。曳引式超高速電梯的研究繼續(xù)在采

3、用超大容量電動(dòng)機(jī)、高性能的微處理器、減振技術(shù)、新式滾輪導(dǎo)靴和安全鉗、永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)、轎廂氣壓緩解和噪聲抑制系統(tǒng)等方面推進(jìn)。采用直線電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的電梯也有較大研究空間。未來超高速電梯舒適感會(huì)有明顯提高。</p><p>　　電梯是標(biāo)志現(xiàn)代物質(zhì)文明的垂直運(yùn)輸工具、是機(jī)—電一體化的復(fù)雜運(yùn)輸設(shè)備。它涉及電子技術(shù)、機(jī)械工程、電力電子技術(shù)、微機(jī)技術(shù)、電力拖動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和土建工程等多個(gè)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。目前電梯的生產(chǎn)情況和使用數(shù)量已成為一個(gè)國家

4、現(xiàn)代化程度的標(biāo)志之一。 本次設(shè)計(jì)主要將可編程序控制器（PLC）和計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用到電梯的控制系統(tǒng)中去，以五層電梯為例來完成單臺(tái)電梯PLC控制系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案、組成及模塊化程序設(shè)計(jì)。通過三菱FX2N與計(jì)算機(jī)通信來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電梯系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的控制。首先確定電梯類型為客貨兩用梯，電梯載重量為1000千克，梯速為1.5米/秒，曳引電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速為1000轉(zhuǎn)/秒；再根據(jù)串聯(lián)阻抗前后電動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)械特性，選擇合適的電梯速度控制曲線，實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯的交流調(diào)速；其次是

5、電梯運(yùn)行控制部分設(shè)計(jì)，包括轎廂門控制電路、平層控制電路、顯示電路、集選控制電路、電梯消防運(yùn)行回路；輸入口計(jì)算點(diǎn)為58，輸出口計(jì)算點(diǎn)數(shù)為35，選用三菱FX2-80MRPLC型的PLC，并進(jìn)行了外圍接線設(shè)計(jì)；最后進(jìn)行軟件編程。</p><p>　　隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，高層建筑的日益增多，電梯已經(jīng)成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪胁豢扇鄙俅怪苯煌üぞ?。更好的滿足用戶的要求，開發(fā)出高安全性、高可靠性、高效、低能耗、乘坐舒適的電梯，是國內(nèi)外各電

6、梯生產(chǎn)企業(yè)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)的主要目標(biāo)。其中電梯控制系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)是達(dá)到以上目標(biāo)的最重要途徑。 工業(yè)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展為電梯控制系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)更新提供了物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。不斷的將工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品引入到電梯控制中，是電梯行業(yè)技術(shù)開發(fā)最重要和最有效的手段。本文將可編程計(jì)算機(jī)控制器——PCC，這一集計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、通訊技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)為一體的工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域的新型工業(yè)控制裝置，應(yīng)用于電梯控制中。 在對(duì)我國電梯行業(yè)的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢的詳細(xì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本文

7、采用B&R 2005 PCC作為電梯的主控制系統(tǒng)，完成了一個(gè)12層站集選控制客梯的硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件控制程序的設(shè)計(jì)，利用PCC自身所具備的邏輯運(yùn)算和數(shù)據(jù)處理功能，通過適當(dāng)增加輸入／輸出點(diǎn)和編制PCC控制程序，使本系統(tǒng)具有對(duì)電梯運(yùn)行進(jìn)行故障監(jiān)測和診斷的功能，并進(jìn)一步介紹了PCC控制系統(tǒng)在電梯的遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控中的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　PLC（可編程控制器）作為一種工業(yè)控制微型計(jì)算機(jī)，它以其編程方便、操作簡單尤其是

8、它的高可控性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。它應(yīng)用大規(guī)模集成電路，微型機(jī)技術(shù)和通訊技術(shù)的發(fā)展成果，逐步形成了具有多種優(yōu)點(diǎn)和微型，中型，大型，超大型等各種規(guī)格的系列產(chǎn)品，應(yīng)用于從繼電器控制系統(tǒng)到監(jiān)控計(jì)算機(jī)之間的許多控制領(lǐng)域。隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，樓房越來越高，而電梯成為了高層樓房的必須設(shè)備。電梯從手柄開關(guān)操縱電梯、按鈕控制電梯發(fā)展到了現(xiàn)在的群控電梯，為高層運(yùn)輸做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。PLC在電梯升降控制上的應(yīng)用主要體現(xiàn)在它的邏輯開關(guān)

9、控制功能。由于PLC具有邏輯運(yùn)算，計(jì)數(shù)和定時(shí)以及數(shù)據(jù)輸入輸出的功能。在電梯升降過程中，各種邏輯開關(guān)控制與PLC很好的結(jié)合，很好的實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)的控制。</p><p>　　可編程控制器是60年代末在美國首先出現(xiàn)的，當(dāng)時(shí)叫可編程邏輯控制器PLC（ProgrammableLogicController），目的是用來取代繼電器。以執(zhí)行邏輯判斷、計(jì)時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)等順序控制功能。提出PLC概念的是美國通用汽車公司。PLC的基本設(shè)計(jì)思想

10、是把計(jì)算機(jī)功能完善、靈活、通用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)和繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的簡單易懂、操作方便、價(jià)格便宜等優(yōu)點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來，控制器的硬件是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的、通用的。根據(jù)實(shí)際應(yīng)用對(duì)象，將控制內(nèi)容編成軟件寫入控制器的用戶程序存儲(chǔ)器內(nèi),使控制器和被控對(duì)象連接方便。 </p><p>　　70年代中期以后，PLC已廣泛地使用微處理器作為中央處理器，輸入輸出模塊和外圍電路也都采用了中、大規(guī)模甚至超大規(guī)模的集成電路，這時(shí)的PLC已不再是僅有邏輯(Logic)判

11、斷功能，還同時(shí)具有數(shù)據(jù)處理、PID調(diào)節(jié)和數(shù)據(jù)通信功能。國際電工委員會(huì)(IEC)頒布的可編程控制器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)草案中對(duì)可編程控制器作了如下的定義：可編程控制器是一種數(shù)字運(yùn)算操作的電子系統(tǒng)，專為在工業(yè)環(huán)境下應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)。它采用了可編程序的存儲(chǔ)器，用來在其內(nèi)部存儲(chǔ)執(zhí)行邏輯運(yùn)算，順序控制、定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)和算術(shù)運(yùn)算等操作的指令，并通過數(shù)字式和模擬式的輸入和輸出，控制各種類型的機(jī)械或生產(chǎn)過程。可編程控制器及其有關(guān)外圍設(shè)備，易于與工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)聯(lián)成一個(gè)整體，易于擴(kuò)充

12、其功能的設(shè)計(jì)。 </p><p>　　可編程控制器對(duì)用戶來說，是一種無觸點(diǎn)設(shè)備，改變程序即可改變生產(chǎn)工藝。目前，可編程控制器已成為工廠自動(dòng)化的強(qiáng)有力工具，得到了廣泛的普及推廣應(yīng)用。 </p><p>　　可編程控制器是面向用戶的專用工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)，具有許多明顯的特點(diǎn)。 </p><p>　?、倏煽啃愿?，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)； </p><p>　?、?/p>

13、編程直觀、簡單； </p><p><b>　?、圻m應(yīng)性好； </b></p><p>　?、芄δ芡晟疲涌诠δ軓?qiáng)。</p><p>　　PLC的最大特點(diǎn)在于：電氣工程帥已不在電氣的硬件上花費(fèi)太多的心計(jì)，只要將按鈕開關(guān)或感應(yīng)器的輸入點(diǎn)連接到PLC的輸入點(diǎn)上就能解決問題，通過輸出點(diǎn)連接接觸或繼電器來控制人功率的啟動(dòng)設(shè)備，而小功率的輸出設(shè)備直接連接

14、就可以。</p><p>　　PLC的內(nèi)部包含了具有中央處理器的CPU，并帶有外部I／O口擴(kuò)展的I／O接口地址和存儲(chǔ)器三大塊組成，CPU的核心是由一個(gè)或多個(gè)累加器組成，它們具有邏輯的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算能力，并能讀取程序存儲(chǔ)器的內(nèi)容通過計(jì)算后去馳動(dòng)相府的存儲(chǔ)器和I／O接口；I／O 口將內(nèi)部累加器和外部的輸入和輸出系統(tǒng)連接起來，并將利關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)存入程序存儲(chǔ)器或者數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器中：存儲(chǔ)器可以將I／O 口輸入的數(shù)據(jù)存入存儲(chǔ)器中，并在工

15、作時(shí)訓(xùn)調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)到累加器和I／O接口上，存儲(chǔ)器分程序存儲(chǔ)器ROM和數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器RAM，ROM可以將數(shù)據(jù)永久的存入存儲(chǔ)器巾，而RAM只能作為CPU計(jì)算時(shí)臨時(shí)計(jì)算使用的緩沖空間。</p><p>　　PLC抗干擾是極其優(yōu)秀的，我們根本不用去關(guān)心它的使用壽命和工作場合的惡劣，這些所自的問題已不再成為我們失敗的主題，而留給我們的是關(guān)心如何來利用PLC的內(nèi)部資源為我們加強(qiáng)設(shè)備的控制能力，使我們的設(shè)備更加的柔性。</p>

16、<p>　　PLC的語言并不是我們所想象的匯編語言或C語言來進(jìn)行編程，而是采用原有的繼電器控制的梯形圖，使得電氣工程師在編寫程序時(shí)很容易就理解了PLC的語言，而且很多的非電氣專業(yè)人士也對(duì)PLC很快認(rèn)識(shí)并深入。</p><p><b>　　附錄3</b></p><p>　　PLC application in the development trend

17、of the elevator</p><p>　　Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a common control device which use computer technology as a core, PLC gets a wide range of applications in all walks of life. In the elevator in

18、dustry, PLC’s role has been fully expressed. This paper introduces the PLC-controlled model of a five-story elevator，include it’s composition, main function, the I/O interface distribution of the PLC, the PLC’s programmi

19、ng methods and procedures design of the elevator system. With procedures design of the elevator co</p><p>　　The 21st century will develop multipurpose, full-featured tower building, ultra-high speed elevator

20、 continue to become the research direction. Traction type super-fast elevator research continues to super capacity motor, high performance by the microprocessor, damping technology, new roller guide boots and security cl

21、amp, permanent magnet synchronous motor, elevator car air pressure relief and noise suppression systems propulsion. Using the linear motor drive there is also a greater research spa</p><p>　　Elevator iWith e

22、conomic development, the increasing number of high-rise buildings, elevators have become indispensable in daily life the vertical transport. Better meet user requirements, development of high security, high reliability,

23、high efficiency, low energy consumption, ride comfort of the elevator, the elevator is the domestic and foreign enterprises and research institutions the main objective.Elevator control system which was developed to achi

24、eve these objectives, the most important way</p><p>　　PLC (programmable controller) takes one industrial control microcomputer, it is convenient by its programming, simplicity of operator its merits and so o

25、n high controllability, obtained the widespread application particularly in the industrial production process. It applies the large scale integrated circuit, the miniature machine technology and the mechanics of communic

26、ation development achievement, formed gradually had many kinds of merits and miniature, medium, large-scale, the ultra-large ty</p><p>　　This article main discussion studies uses Simens in the S7-200 PLC to

27、carry on the control to elevator's fluctuation, forms the lift control system.</p><p>　　PLC Introduction Programmable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called Plc progr

28、ammable logic controller (ProgrammableLogicController) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgement, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The concept is presented Plc Genera

29、l Motors Corporation. Plc and the basic design is the computer functional improvements, flexible, generic and other advantages and relay control system simple and ea</p><p>　　PLC language is not we imagine o

30、f edit collected materials the language or language of Cs to cany on weaving the distance, but The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many ca

31、lculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or contr

32、ol the start equipments of t</p><p>　　PLC internal containment have the CPU of the CPU, and take to have an I/O for expand of exterior to connect a people's address and saving machine three big pieces to

33、 constitute, CPU core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute,mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the machine to drive the homologo

34、us saving machine and I/Os to</p><p>　　connect after pass the calculation; The I/O add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the

35、procedure saving machine or data saving machine; The saving machine can deposit</p><p>　　the data that the I/O input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and |10s t

36、o connect, saving machine separately saving machine RAM of the procedure saving machine ROM and datas, the ROM can can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine, but RAM only for the CPU</p><p>

37、;　　computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.</p><p>　　The PLC anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these al

38、l problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail, but stay to our is a concern to come to internal</p><p>　　resources of make use of the PLC to strengthen the control ability of the equipments

39、 for us, make our equipments more gentle. the trapezoid diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical</p><p>　　engineering teacher while weaving to write