外文翻譯---基于slp法的工業(yè)生產線布局改善

1、<p>　　原文題目：Improvement of Industrial Production Process Design Using Systematic Layout Planning</p><p>　　基于SLP法的工業(yè)生產線布局改善</p><p>　　Nik?a FAFANDJEL，Rajko RUBE?A，Tin MATULJA</p><p&

2、gt;<b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Modern industrial production processes, including also shipbuilding processes, are expected to deliver products or interim products on time with acceptable price and

3、 required quality. For instance, production of pipe units in shipbuilding industry that use conventional methods, characterized by high content of human work per pipe unit, cannot satisfy these requirements. To increase

4、productivity it is necessary to introduce CNC machines and robotized lines that will also enhance production proces</p><p>　　workshop within a particular shipyard</p><p>　　Keyword：pipe workshop；

5、production process design；shipbuilding；Systematic layout planning（SLP）</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　現代工業(yè)生產過程包括船艦生產被希望能夠準時的提供產品或者中間產品，并且需要提供合理的價格和要求的質量。例如船艦制造里面的管道生產采用傳統(tǒng)方法，每個管道的生產都需要大量

6、的人員，從而不能滿足現代工業(yè)生產的需求。為了提高生產效率很必有要引進CNC機器和機器人生產線，同時還能增強生產線能力。因此，應該改善生產線機器設備布局來確保產量并且應該事先預測最大可能的產量。因此，建議使用SLP法對于生產線布局改善設計。SLP法用于確定生產過程中最優(yōu)的設備布局和工藝布局。使用SLP法進行布局改善設計已經在一個生產管道的特定造船車間經過測試。</p><p>　　關鍵詞：管道生產車間；生產線布局設

7、計；造船業(yè)；SLP法</p><p>　　1.緒論（Introduction）</p><p>　　From present industries, focusing on shipbuilding is expected to deliver to owners a quality product i.e.ship, on time and at the market price. To

8、 obtain these requirements, existing shipyards need to improve productivity and efficiency through plementation of new technologies and reorganization. It can be achieved by using new ethodologies and approaches to desig

9、n particular shipbuilding process segments with the objective to reach acceptable solutions.</p><p>　　目前集中于造船業(yè)的工業(yè)被期望能夠提供有“質量”的產品比如較為便宜的能夠準時交貨的船艦。為了滿足市場的這些需求，現有的造船廠需要通過采用新技術和結果重組來提高生產能力和生產效率。這些目標都可以通過使用新的設計方法

10、重新設計造船中的生產線過程布局達到。</p><p>　　There are several ways to improve production:eliminate waste, improve flow, reduce material handling,plan for growth and expansion, built-in flexibility.</p><p>　　提高生

11、產能力有許多方法：消除浪費，改善流動性，減少材料處理，為產量的擴張做計劃，設計靈活柔性生產線。</p><p>　　Production of pipe units in shipbuilding industry using conventional methods characterized by high content of human work per pipe unit cannot give goo

12、d results towards the objectives of increasing productivity and obtaining higher production quality levels. In this respect, every shipyard, which has the intention to remain present in the world market, considers variou

13、s possibilities for decreasing the content of human work per unit of the final product.</p><p>　　造船業(yè)的管道生產采用傳統(tǒng)的方法和大量的人力不能提高產量和質量。在這種情況下，各個企業(yè)為了保持自己在國際市場的地位，想盡各種辦法減少人力的消耗。 </p><p>　　One of the pos

14、sibilities in this way of increasing productivity and shortening production time within a shipyard is the introduction of modern robotized lines for pipe units production i.e. modernization and reorganization of present

15、state</p><p>　　制造企業(yè)采用這種方法提高產量，減少生產時間的一種可能性就是引進現代機器人進行管道生產，即現代化和重組生產線。</p><p>　　Shipyards equipped with machines and tools with high content of manual work will be faced with problems during the

16、process of changing type of production from</p><p>　　conventional to modern pipe unit production line. It can be related to the fact that the complete technological process should be changed, starting from t

17、he design stage,</p><p>　　work based breakdown structure, production planning and production itself .</p><p>　　擁有大量人工操作的機器和工具的工廠將面臨生產線由傳統(tǒng)向現代轉變的問題。企業(yè)不得不面對這樣一種事實：所有的生產過程被改變，開始新的布局設計，解體以前的工作結構、規(guī)劃和生

18、產。</p><p>　　Complexity of building a ship-piping system can be solved through a variety of potential solutions depending on the level of development for piping design and</p><p>　　production.<

19、;/p><p>　　建立一個船的管道系統(tǒng)的復雜性可以通過基于管道設計和生產的多種可能性方法進行解決。</p><p>　　While designing a particular modern production process within shipyards, space limitations appear,because new spaces have to be found or

20、the old ones have to be technologically rearranged, which is usually difficult to realize. That is the reason why the best solution might be to design a completely new production line if possible.</p><p>　　當

21、在一個工廠設計一個全新的生產線時空間是一個大的問題，因為建立生產線需要空間，所以新的空間需要被發(fā)現否則就要對舊的生產線進行改進，這是個很難實現的問題。這就是為什么最好的生產線建設方案就是在沒生產線的空白車間進行全新的設計，因為不需要考慮空間問題。</p><p>　　The layout design has a significant impact on the performance of a product

22、ion process . Layout design has been an active research area in the past few decades. However, design algorithms for production lines and/or workshops are rare and/or may not be adequate to solve a real design problem.&l

23、t;/p><p>　　布局設計對制造企業(yè)生產性能具有顯著影響，最近幾十年的時間里布局設計研究一直是一個熱門領域。然而為生產線設計的算法很少見并且一般不能夠解決實際的生產布局設計問題。</p><p>　　Existing research in production design layout problems often fall into two major categories, suc

24、h as algorithmic and procedural ones. Algorithmic approaches</p><p>　　usually simplify both design constraints and objectives in order to reach a surrogate objective function whose solution can then be obtai

25、ned . These approaches usually only involve quantitative input data. Their design solutions are easier to evaluate by comparing their objective function values.</p><p>　　現在關于生產布局的研究方法大體可以分為兩類：算法和程序。算法的方法簡化了設

26、計，通過目標函數的約束和最終目標需求得到一個替代的解決方案。這些方法通常只涉及輸入的數據而不包含其它。通過這種方法得到的解決方案的優(yōu)劣通過目標函數的值可以很容易的進行比較。</p><p>　　Procedural approaches can incorporate both,qualitative and quantitative, objectives in the design process . For

27、 these approaches, the design process is divided into several steps that are then solved sequentially. The success of a procedural approach implementation is dependent on the generation of quality design alternatives tha

28、t are often from the output of an experienced designer. Thus, the input from area experts during the design process is considered to be a must towards an effective works</p><p>　　程序法可以使定性與定量兩種方法相結合，目標在這些方法的設

29、計過程中得以實現。對于這些方法，設計流程被分成幾個步驟，然后按照順序進行解決。成功的設計方案常常出自經驗豐富的設計師曾設計的方案的代代傳承。因此在進行生產線布局時采用專家的方法進行設計是必須的。它常常是進行設計布局評估的最后一個步驟。因為如果采用多個目標函數值進行設計最終方案的選擇將是很難的一個步驟。</p><p>　　A workshop layout design problem exposes the s

30、trong properties of a multipl objective decision problem.For this instance, an algorithmic approach may not be</p><p>　　adequate in providing a quality solution. Alternatively,the use of a sound procedural a

31、pproach with the aid of a proven tool as design evaluation function would be a viable approach for a workshop layout design problem.</p><p>　　車間布局設計暴露了多目標決策方法的問題。在這種情況下，算法不能提供最優(yōu)的設計方案，所以采用輔助方案的聲音過程方法作為設計評價函數將

32、是車間布局設計問題的可行方法。</p><p>　　The authors suggest using a Systematic layout planning (SLP) procedural approach for production process design improvement, because it features both the simplicity of the design proc

33、ess and the objectivity of the multiple-criteria evaluation process as opposed to existing algorithmic approaches, which are ineffective in solving qualitative objective problems, and regular procedural approaches that l

34、ack a structural multiplecriteria evaluation approach.</p><p>　　在此作者建議采用SLP法對生產線布局進行改進，因為它具有簡單的設計過程，多準則評估過程客觀性，和現有的算法完全不同，現有的算法是無效的，現有的算法在解決客觀存在的問題和定期處理程序性問題缺乏結構性的多方位評估方法。</p><p>　　While the aut

35、hors were involved in the R&D project of technological modernization of one real shipyard,as a separate project they had to design a new pipe production workshop, where a proposed novel approach was implemented and t

36、ested.</p><p>　　雖然作者參與了一個先進技術化現代造船廠的R&D項目，但是作為一個單獨的項目，作者要設計一個全新的管道生產線，在這條生產線上SLP法將得到應用。</p><p>　　2.SLP法簡介（Outline of systematic Layout planning）</p><p>　　This section aims at pr

37、oviding a brief review of the SLP procedure as shown in Figure 1. The SLP begins with PQRST analysis (step 1) for the overall production activities. The data collection fields including P (product),Q (quantity), R (routi

38、ng), S (supporting), and T (time) should be scrutinized in order to assure the validity of the</p><p>　　input data at the design stage. </p><p>　　本節(jié)重點對SLP法的理論和實施方法進行介紹，大體概況如圖1所示：SLP法從對生產線進行全

39、面分析的PQRST開始。對收集到的數據包括P（產品）、Q（產量）、R（生產路線）、S（輔助服務部門）、T（時間）應進行細致的審核，以確保輸入參數的有效性。</p><p>　　Figure1.SLP procedure</p><p>　　圖1 SLP法實施程序圖</p><p>　　In the flow of material analysis (step 2

40、), all material flows from the whole production line are aggregated into a from-to chart that represents the flow intensity among</p><p>　　different tool sets or work positions. The step of “activity relatio

41、nships” (step 3) performs qualitative analysis towards the close relationship decision among different</p><p>　　work positions.</p><p>　　在第二步物流分析里所有生產線的物料流動都被統(tǒng)計到一個代表不同工位或者不同工作地點物流強度的從致表中。第三步作業(yè)相關

42、關系分析表明了不同工作之間的相關關系。</p><p>　　The step of “relationship diagram” (step 4) positions areas spatially. For those work positions (areas) that have strong interactions and/or close relationships are placed in pro

43、ximity.</p><p>　　第四步用相關關系圖將各工序的相關關系表示出來。對于那些具有很強的相互關系或者很近的作業(yè)關系的工序設備擺放在一起。</p><p>　　The steps of “space requirements” and “space available” (steps 5 and 6) determine the amount of floor space to

44、be allocated to each work position. This decision is particularly critical to a workshop design problem due to the costly clean room floor space and the difficulty in future expansion.</p><p>　　第五步和第六步“需要的空間

45、”和“可以利用的空間”決定了可以供給每個工序設備所使用的空間。這一決策對空間設備布局非?？量?，因為車間空間的巨大價值和未來車間擴張的需要決定了車間空間的利用價值。</p><p>　　The step of “space relationship diagram” (step 7) adds area size information into the relationship diagram from step

46、 4. Additional design constraints and limitations are</p><p>　　considered before the start of block layout generation in steps 8 and 9. Step 10 then develops layout alternatives as design candidates. Step 11

47、 chooses the final design</p><p>　　from these design candidates.</p><p>　　第七步“空間關系圖”通過第四步在車間設備相互關系圖中添加了空間面積信息。在對第八步和第九步的生產線設備布局進行設計之前需要對設計約束和限制進行考慮。第十步形成多個備選方案。第十一步為最終步驟，對備選方案進行評估，并確定最終方案。</p