外文翻譯--生產(chǎn)線平衡

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　學(xué) 院： 經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 工業(yè)工程 </p><p>　　姓 名： 趙翀翀 </p><p>　　學(xué)

2、 號(hào)： 080203215 </p><p>　　外文出處： www.askaboutvalidation.com </p><p>　　附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。 </p><p><b>　　生產(chǎn)線平衡</b></p><p>　　這項(xiàng)研究的

3、范圍是探討生產(chǎn)線的制造和平衡，生產(chǎn)線平衡的類型，設(shè)備平衡和故障分析的理解。當(dāng)每個(gè)工人的任務(wù)需要相同的時(shí)間來(lái)完成的時(shí)候，就是一個(gè)平衡的流水線。線平衡，是一個(gè)制造工程的功能，即在整個(gè)生產(chǎn)線的任務(wù)都能夠得到等分。良好的平衡線，能避免無(wú)意義的勞動(dòng)和提高生產(chǎn)效率。</p><p><b>　　生產(chǎn)線平衡</b></p><p>　　線平衡的策略是，使生產(chǎn)線足夠靈活，以避免外部和

4、內(nèi)部的違規(guī)行為。有兩種類型的生產(chǎn)線平衡，即：</p><p>　　靜態(tài)平衡：指的是幾個(gè)小時(shí)或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)能力的長(zhǎng)期分歧。靜態(tài)失衡是工作站，機(jī)器和人未能得到充分利用的結(jié)果。</p><p>　　動(dòng)態(tài)平衡：指短期能力的差異，最多不超過(guò)幾分鐘或幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。動(dòng)態(tài)不平衡源于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的變化和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)無(wú)關(guān)的工作時(shí)間的變化。</p><p><b>　　勞資平衡和分配

5、</b></p><p>　　生產(chǎn)線的穩(wěn)定策略的傾向是固定的勞動(dòng)的平衡分配。勞資的可行性的一個(gè)重要特征是戰(zhàn)略的靈活性即生產(chǎn)線的個(gè)人技能和能力：</p><p>　　當(dāng)一名工人在執(zhí)行分配給他的任務(wù)是有問(wèn)題，遇到的延遲，由于技術(shù)問(wèn)題（S），其他工人（S）應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到幫助。</p><p>　　當(dāng)一個(gè)工序運(yùn)行出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)，熟練的技工應(yīng)盡快接管其工序。</p&g

6、t;<p>　　生產(chǎn)線的所有工人應(yīng)交互在各個(gè)工序熟悉工序操作。</p><p>　　全技能即在一個(gè)單一的工作中心一個(gè)工人可以處理各種任務(wù)（自動(dòng)化）。</p><p><b>　　設(shè)備平衡</b></p><p>　　設(shè)備平衡應(yīng)確保每一臺(tái)設(shè)備在工作單元中有相同的工作量?，F(xiàn)在每個(gè)制造商都試圖最大限度地利用所有可用的設(shè)備。如此高的利用率

7、往往適得其反，這可能是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的目標(biāo)，因?yàn)槔寐矢?，通常伴隨著高庫(kù)存。</p><p><b>　　設(shè)備故障</b></p><p>　　設(shè)備故障是一項(xiàng)重大而嚴(yán)肅的問(wèn)題，有可能關(guān)閉一條生產(chǎn)線。為了避免這種故障，應(yīng)確保每個(gè)設(shè)備不會(huì)超載，并且應(yīng)培訓(xùn)工人進(jìn)行日常機(jī)器檢查（預(yù)防性維護(hù)）和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)程序的訓(xùn)練。維護(hù)部和工程部的優(yōu)勢(shì)不在于在運(yùn)行后期的變化，因此應(yīng)計(jì)算預(yù)防性維修時(shí)間，

8、并安排活動(dòng)。</p><p><b>　　分析</b></p><p>　　線平衡的分析一般由主管技術(shù)人員進(jìn)行。分析之前應(yīng)把流水線分成各個(gè)小任務(wù)，確定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的任務(wù)時(shí)間，任務(wù)的排序的規(guī)范和約束的分析與生產(chǎn)線的工作分工。如果瓶頸環(huán)節(jié)的任務(wù)是在于尋找良好的平衡的方式，技術(shù)過(guò)硬的員工應(yīng)分析的任務(wù)，以減少所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間來(lái)執(zhí)行。</p><p><b&g

9、t;　　生產(chǎn)線平衡領(lǐng)導(dǎo)</b></p><p>　　生產(chǎn)線工人應(yīng)致力于生產(chǎn)線平衡而努力，這樣他們才能夠快速應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)產(chǎn)品和生產(chǎn)率變換導(dǎo)致失衡（靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)）時(shí)迅速作出反應(yīng)。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　生產(chǎn)線平衡的研究，往往聘請(qǐng)有新思路和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人來(lái)改變現(xiàn)狀。生產(chǎn)線的設(shè)計(jì)和操作是藝術(shù)多于科學(xué)。工人的靈活性是

10、有效的資源管理的關(guān)鍵所在。工人的檢查和對(duì)自己的設(shè)備做小型維修工作的想法可能降低了設(shè)備故障的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。選擇一套合適的平衡機(jī)制是一個(gè)工作單元設(shè)計(jì)的一部分，它必須與許多其他決策系統(tǒng)建立良好的聯(lián)系才能運(yùn)作良好。</p><p>　　Production Line Balancing</p><p>　　The scope of this study is to explore the understa

11、nding of Production-line Manufacturing and Balancing, Types of Line Balancing, Equipment Balancing and its Failure and Analysis. A production line is said to be in balance when every worker’s task takes the same amount o

12、f time. Line balancing is a manufacturing-engineering function in which whole collection of production-line tasks are divided into equal portions. Well-balanced lines avoid labour idealness and improve productivity.</

13、p><p>　　Production Line Balancing</p><p>　　Line-balancing strategy is to make production lines flexible enough to absorb external and internal irregularities. There are two types of line balancing,

14、 which we have explained as：</p><p>　　Static Balance – Refers to long-term differences in capacity over a period of several hours or longer. Static imbalance results in underutilization of workstations, mach

15、ines and people. </p><p>　　Dynamic Balance – Refers to short-term differences in capacity, like, over a period of minutes, hours at most. Dynamic imbalance arises from product mix changes and variations in w

16、ork time unrelated to product mix. </p><p>　　Labour Balancing and Assignments</p><p>　　Strategy of production line stability is the tendency for labour assignments to be fixed. Labour feasibilit

17、y is an important feature in the strategy of production line flexibility linked to individual skills and capabilities –</p><p>　　When one worker is having problem in performing his assigned task and experien

18、cing delay due to technical problem(s), other worker(s) should move into help. </p><p>　　The management practice of deliberately pulling worker’s of the line when the line is running smoothly. </p>&l

19、t;p>　　The movement of whole crews from one dedicated line to another as the model mix changes. </p><p>　　Group Technology – In which one worker can handle variety of tasks (automation) in a single work ce

20、ntre. </p><p>　　Equipment Balancing</p><p>　　While balancing equipment, attempt to ensure that each piece of equipment in the work cell has the same amount of work. Now days every manufacturer i

21、s attempting to maximize the utilization of all available equipments. Such high utilization is often counterproductive and may be the wrong goal because; high utilization is usually accompanied by high inventory.</p&g

22、t;<p>　　Equipment Failure</p><p>　　An equipment failure is a major serious matter, with the potential to shut down a production line. To avoid such failures one should not overload the equipments, and

23、 workers should be trained to perform a daily machine checking (preventive maintenance) and following standard operating procedures. The advantage for Maintenance and Engineering Department does not lie in running late s

24、hifts, hence calculate the preventive maintenance time and schedule the activity.</p><p><b>　　Analysis</b></p><p>　　Analysis is generally performed by Competent Technical Staff. Begi

25、n the analysis with division of production-line work into small tasks, determination of task time standards, specification of required task sequencing and notation of constraints. If bottle neck task is in the way of goo

26、d balance, the Competent Technical Staff should analyze the task to reduce the time it takes to perform.</p><p>　　Line Balancing Leadership</p><p>　　Workmen should lead the production line balan

27、cing effort, so that they can react quickly when line imbalances (static and dynamic) crop up as a result of changeover to make a different item or changes in the output rate.</p><p>　　Conclusion</p>

28、<p>　　Production-line balancing study tends to employ thought and ingenuity to change conditions. Production-line design and operation is more art than science. Labour flexibility is the key to effective resource ma

29、nagement. The idea of worker’s checking and doing minor repair work on their own equipment possibly decreases the risk of equipment failure. Selecting an appropriate set of balancing mechanism is a part of work cell desi