數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　河北科技師范學(xué)院</b></p><p>　　本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)編程教學(xué)網(wǎng)站的開(kāi)發(fā)</p><p>　　院（系、部）名 稱 ： 　歐美學(xué)院信息技術(shù)系 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 名 稱：　計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù) </p>

2、<p>　　學(xué) 生 姓 名：　王楠 </p><p>　　學(xué) 生 學(xué) 號(hào)：　9210080324 </p><p>　　指 導(dǎo) 教 師：　關(guān)健 </p><p>　　2011年11月10日</p><p>　　河北科技師范學(xué)院教務(wù)

3、處</p><p>　　Microsoft SQL Server</p><p>　　Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: it is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve da

4、ta as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network (including the Internet). There are at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft

5、SQL Server aimed at different audiences and for different workloads (ranging from small applications that store and retrieve da</p><p><b>　　History</b></p><p>　　SQL Server 2005 (code

6、name Yukon), released in October 2005, is the successor to SQL Server 2000. It included native support for managing XML data, in addition to relational data. For this purpose, it defined an xml data type that could be us

7、ed either as a data type in database columns or as literals in queries. XML columns can be associated with XSD schemas; XML data being stored is verified against the schema. XML is converted to an internal binary data ty

8、pe before being stored in the database.</p><p>　　For relational data, T-SQL has been augmented with error handling features (try/catch) and support for recursive queries with CTEs (Common Table Expressions).

9、 SQL Server 2005 has also been enhanced with new indexing algorithms, syntax and better error recovery systems. Data pages are checksummed for better error resiliency, and optimistic concurrency support has been added fo

10、r better performance. Permissions and access control have been made more granular and the query processor handles concurre</p><p>　　SQL Server 2005 introduced "MARS" (Multiple Active Results Sets),

11、 a method of allowing usage of database connections for multiple purposes. </p><p>　　SQL Server 2005 introduced DMVs (Dynamic Management Views), which are specialized views and functions that return server s

12、tate information that can be used to monitor the health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and tune performance. </p><p>　　SQL Server 2005 introduced Database Mirroring, but it was not fully supported

13、until the first Service Pack release (SP1). In the initial release (RTM) of SQL Server 2005, database mirroring was available, but unsupported. In order to implement database mirroring in the RTM version, you had to appl

14、y trace flag 1400 at startup. Database mirroring is a high availability option that provides redundancy and failover capabilities at the database level. Failover can be performed manually or can be conf</p><p&

15、gt;<b>　　Editions</b></p><p>　　Microsoft makes SQL Server available in multiple editions, with different feature sets and targeting different users. These editions are: </p><p>　　Main

16、stream editions</p><p>　　Datacenter </p><p>　　SQL Server 2008 R2 Datacenter is the full-featured edition of SQL Server and is designed for datacenters that need the high levels of application su

17、pport and scalability. It supports 256 logical processors and virtually unlimited memory. Comes with StreamInsight Premium edition. </p><p>　　Enterprise </p><p>　　SQL Server Enterprise Edition i

18、ncludes both the core database engine and add-on services, with a range of tools for creating and managing a SQL Server cluster. It can manage databases as large as 524 petabytes and address 2 terabytes of memory and sup

19、ports 8 physical processors. </p><p><b>　　Standard </b></p><p>　　SQL Server Standard edition includes the core database engine, along with the stand-alone services. It differs from E

20、nterprise edition in that it supports fewer active instances (number of nodes in a cluster) and does not include some high-availability functions such as hot-add memory (allowing memory to be added while the server is st

21、ill running), and parallel indexes. </p><p><b>　　Web </b></p><p>　　SQL Server Web Edition is a low-TCO option for Web hosting. </p><p>　　Workgroup </p><p>　

22、　SQL Server Workgroup Edition includes the core database functionality but does not include the additional services. </p><p><b>　　Express </b></p><p>　　SQL Server Express Edition is

23、a scaled down, free edition of SQL Server, which includes the core database engine. While there are no limitations on the number of databases or users supported, it is limited to using one processor, 1 GB memory and 4 GB

24、 database files (10 GB database files from SQL Server Express 2008 R2). The entire database is stored in a single .mdf file, and thus making it suitable for XCOPY deployment. It is intended as a replacement for MSDE. Two

25、 additional editions provide a</p><p>　　Specialized editions</p><p><b>　　Azure </b></p><p>　　Microsoft SQL Azure Database is the cloud-based version of Microsoft SQL Ser

26、ver, presented as software as a service on Azure Services Platform. </p><p>　　Compact (SQL CE) </p><p>　　The compact edition is an embedded database engine. Unlike the other editions of SQL Serv

27、er, the SQL CE engine is based on SQL Mobile (initially designed for use with hand-held devices) and does not share the same binaries. Due to its small size (1 MB DLL footprint), it has a markedly reduced feature se

28、t compared to the other editions. For example, it supports a subset of the standard data types, does not support stored procedures or Views or multiple-statement batches (among other limitations).</p><p>　　D

29、eveloper </p><p>　　SQL Server Developer Edition includes the same features as SQL Server Datacenter Edition, but is limited by the license to be only used as a development and test system, and not as product

30、ion server. This edition is available to download by students free of charge as a part of Microsoft's DreamSpark program. </p><p>　　Embedded (SSEE) </p><p>　　SQL Server 2005 Embedded Edition

31、 is a specially configured named instance of the SQL Server Express database engine which can be accessed only by certain Windows Services. </p><p>　　Evaluation </p><p>　　SQL Server Evaluation E

32、dition, also known as the Trial Edition, has all the features of the Enterprise Edition, but is limited to 180 days, after which the tools will continue to run, but the server services will stop. </p><p>　　F

33、ast Track </p><p>　　SQL Server Fast Track is specifically for enterprise-scale data warehousing storage and business intelligence processing, and runs on reference-architecture hardware that is optimized for

34、 Fast Track. </p><p>　　Parallel Data Warehouse (PDW) </p><p>　　A massively parallel processing (MPP) SQL Server appliance optimized for large-scale data warehousing such as hundreds of terabytes

35、. </p><p>　　Architecture</p><p>　　Protocol layer</p><p>　　Protocol layer implements the external interface to SQL Server. All operations that can be invoked on SQL Server are commun

36、icated to it via a Microsoft-defined format, called Tabular Data Stream (TDS). TDS is an application layer protocol, used to transfer data between a database server and a client. Initially designed and developed by Sybas

37、e Inc. for their Sybase SQL Server relational database engine in 1984, and later by Microsoft in Microsoft SQL Server, TDS packets can be encased in other ph</p><p><b>　　TOOLS</b></p><

38、p>　　Visual Studio</p><p>　　Microsoft Visual Studio includes native support for data programming with Microsoft SQL Server. It can be used to write and debug code to be executed by SQL CLR. It also include

39、s a data designer that can be used to graphically create, view or edit database schemas. Queries can be created either visually or using code. SSMS 2008 onwards, provides intellisense for SQL queries as well.</p>

40、<p>　　SQL Server Management Studio</p><p>　　SQL Server Management Studio is a GUI tool included with SQL Server 2005 and later for configuring, managing, and administering all components within Microsof

41、t SQL Server. The tool includes both script editors and graphical tools that work with objects and features of the server. SQL Server Management Studio replaces Enterprise Manager as the primary management interface for

42、Microsoft SQL Server since SQL Server 2005. A version of SQL Server Management Studio is also available for SQL Server Exp</p><p>　　A central feature of SQL Server Management Studio is the Object Explorer, w

43、hich allows the user to browse, select, and act upon any of the objects within the server. It can be used to visually observe and analyze query plans and optimize the database performance, among others. SQL Server Manage

44、ment Studio can also be used to create a new database, alter any existing database schema by adding or modifying tables and indexes, or analyze performance. It includes the query windows which provide a GU</p><

45、;p>　　Microsoft SQL Server</p><p>　　Microsoft SQL Server是一個(gè)關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器，由微軟開(kāi)發(fā)的，它是一個(gè)軟件產(chǎn)品，其主要功能是存儲(chǔ)和檢索數(shù)據(jù)，其他應(yīng)用軟件的要求，無(wú)論是那些在同一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)或另一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行，通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)）。有至少有十幾種不同的Microsoft SQL Server版本針對(duì)不同的受眾和不同的工作負(fù)載（從小型應(yīng)用，存儲(chǔ)和檢索數(shù)據(jù)的

46、同一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上，數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的用戶和計(jì)算機(jī)，大量的數(shù)據(jù)從Internet訪問(wèn)在同一時(shí)間）。正如它的名字，Microsoft SQL Server的主查詢語(yǔ)言是T-SQL和ANSI SQL。</p><p><b>　　歷史</b></p><p>　　SQL Server2005，于2005年10月發(fā)布的是到SQL Server 2000的繼任者。它包括關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)，XML

47、數(shù)據(jù)管理的原生支持。為此，它定義一個(gè)XML數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型，可以用來(lái)作為數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)列的數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型或查詢中的文字。 XML列可以與XSD架構(gòu);對(duì)模式驗(yàn)證XML數(shù)據(jù)被存儲(chǔ)。 XML轉(zhuǎn)換為內(nèi)部二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型存儲(chǔ)在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中之前。專門(mén)的索引方法，可用于XML數(shù)據(jù)。使用XQuery查詢XML數(shù)據(jù)的通用語(yǔ)言運(yùn)行時(shí)（CLR）集成是這個(gè)版本的主要功能，使一個(gè)由CLR的托管代碼寫(xiě)的SQL代碼。 SQL Server 2005中增加了一些T-SQL語(yǔ)言的擴(kuò)展，允許在T-S

48、QL嵌入XQuery查詢。此外，它還定義了XQuery的擴(kuò)展，稱為XML DML的，它允許基于查詢的XML數(shù)據(jù)修改。 SQL Server 2005還允許使用的表格格式數(shù)據(jù)流（TDS）封裝在SOAP（協(xié)議）請(qǐng)求的數(shù)據(jù)包通過(guò)Web服務(wù)暴露數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器。 Web服務(wù)訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，返回結(jié)果為XML。</p><p>　　為T(mén)-SQL的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)，已增強(qiáng)的錯(cuò)誤處理功能（的try / catch）和CTE的遞歸查詢（公用表表達(dá)

49、式）的支持。 SQL Server 2005中也得到了加強(qiáng)，新的索引算法，語(yǔ)法和更好的錯(cuò)誤恢復(fù)系統(tǒng)。數(shù)據(jù)頁(yè)校驗(yàn)和更好的錯(cuò)誤恢復(fù)，并支持樂(lè)觀并發(fā)已加入更好的性能。已作出更細(xì)化的權(quán)限和訪問(wèn)控制和查詢處理器處理的查詢并發(fā)執(zhí)行更有效的方式。對(duì)表和索引的分區(qū)支持，所以向外擴(kuò)展到群集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)更容易。與SQL Server 2005引入的SQL CLR讓它整合NET Framework的。</p><p>　　SQL Serve

50、r 2005引入了“火星”（多個(gè)活動(dòng)結(jié)果集），允許多種用途使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接的方法。</p><p>　　SQL服務(wù)器2005年推出的動(dòng)態(tài)管理視圖（動(dòng)態(tài)管理），這是專業(yè)的意見(jiàn)和函數(shù)返回服務(wù)器狀態(tài)信息，可用于監(jiān)視服務(wù)器實(shí)例的健康狀況，診斷問(wèn)題，并優(yōu)化性能。</p><p>　　SQL Server 2005中引入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)鏡像，但它不完全，直到第一個(gè)服務(wù)包發(fā)布（SP1）的支持。在最初的版本的SQL

51、 Server 2005（RTM），數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)鏡像是可用的，但不支持。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)鏡像在RTM版本，你必須申請(qǐng)?jiān)趩?dòng)跟蹤標(biāo)志1400。數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)鏡像是在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)級(jí)別上提供冗余和故障轉(zhuǎn)移功能的高可用性選項(xiàng)?？梢允謩?dòng)執(zhí)行故障轉(zhuǎn)移或可用于自動(dòng)故障轉(zhuǎn)移配置。自動(dòng)故障轉(zhuǎn)移需要證人的合作伙伴和一個(gè)同步的經(jīng)營(yíng)模式（又稱高安全性或全面的安全）。</p><p><b>　　版本</b></p><

52、;p>　　微軟SQL Server的多個(gè)版本，具有不同的功能集，并針對(duì)不同的用戶。這些版本是： 主流版本 數(shù)據(jù)中心： SQL Server 2008 R2的數(shù)據(jù)中心是全功能版本的SQL Server，需要高層次的應(yīng)用支持和可擴(kuò)展性的數(shù)據(jù)中心設(shè)計(jì)。它支持256個(gè)邏輯處理器和幾乎無(wú)限的記憶。配備的StreamInsight Premium版。企業(yè)： </p><p>　　SQL Server企業(yè)

53、版包括核心數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎和附加服務(wù)，用的工具，用于創(chuàng)建和管理SQL Server群集的范圍。它可以管理大型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，為524千兆兆字節(jié)和解決2萬(wàn)億字節(jié)的內(nèi)存，并支持8個(gè)物理處理器。 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：</p><p>　　SQL Server標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版包括核心數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎，以及獨(dú)立的服務(wù)。它不同于企業(yè)版，它支持較少的活動(dòng)實(shí)例（集群中的節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量），不包括一些高可用性功能，如熱添加內(nèi)存（允許內(nèi)存要添加服務(wù)器仍在運(yùn)行時(shí)），并行索引。 網(wǎng)站

54、： </p><p>　　SQL Server的Web版是一個(gè)Web托管的低TCO的選擇。 工作組： </p><p>　　SQL Server的工作組版，包括核心數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)功能，但不包括額外服務(wù)。 擴(kuò)展： </p><p>　　SQL Server Express版是一個(gè)按比例縮小，免費(fèi)版的SQL Server，其中包括核心數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎。雖然有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)或支持的用戶數(shù)量

55、上沒(méi)有限制，它限制使用一個(gè)處理器，1 GB內(nèi)存和4 GB的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件（10 GB的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)文件從SQL Server Express 2008 R2的）。整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)單一的。mdf文件，從而使其適合XCOPY部署。它的目的是作為一個(gè)MSDE更換。另外兩個(gè)版本提供的功能，而不是在原來(lái)的Express版的超集。首先是SQL Server Express的工具，其中包括SQL Server Management Studio中的基本。具

56、有高級(jí)服務(wù)的SQL Server Express增加了全文搜索功能和報(bào)告服務(wù)。</p><p><b>　　專業(yè)版本</b></p><p>　　微軟SQL Azure數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是基于云的版本的Microsoft SQL Server作為Azure服務(wù)平臺(tái)的服務(wù)，如軟件。緊湊型（SQL CE的）：</p><p>　　精簡(jiǎn)版是一個(gè)嵌入式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎

57、。不同于其他版本的SQL Server，SQL CE引擎SQL Mobile的基礎(chǔ)上（最初設(shè)計(jì)用于手持設(shè)備）和不共享相同的二進(jìn)制文件。由于其體積?。? MB DLL的足跡），它有一個(gè)顯著減少，功能設(shè)置相比其他版本。例如，它支持標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型的一個(gè)子集，不支持存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程或視圖或多個(gè)語(yǔ)句批次（除其他限制）。它最大4 GB的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)大小是有限的，不能作為Windows服務(wù)運(yùn)行，必須精簡(jiǎn)版主辦，由使用它的應(yīng)用程序。 3.5版本包括支持ADO.NET

58、同步服務(wù)。 SQL CE不支持ODBC連接，不像SQL Server的正確。開(kāi)發(fā)人員：</p><p>　　SQL Server的開(kāi)發(fā)版包括為SQL Server Datacenter版相同的功能，但只能用作開(kāi)發(fā)和測(cè)試系統(tǒng)，而不是作為生產(chǎn)服務(wù)器的許可證限制。此版本是由微軟的DreamSpark計(jì)劃的一部分，學(xué)生免費(fèi)下載。</p><p>　　嵌入式（升中試）SQL Server 2005

59、的嵌入式版本是專門(mén)配置的命名，這只能由特定的Windows服務(wù)訪問(wèn)的SQL Server Express數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎實(shí)例。評(píng)價(jià)：</p><p>　　SQL Server的評(píng)估版，又稱試用版，企業(yè)版的所有功能，但僅限于180天之后，工具將繼續(xù)運(yùn)行，但將停止服務(wù)器服務(wù)?？燔?chē)道：</p><p>　　SQL Server的快車(chē)道是專門(mén)為企業(yè)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)和商業(yè)智能處理，并參考架構(gòu)的硬件上運(yùn)行

60、，優(yōu)化快車(chē)道。并行數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)（PDW）：</p><p>　　大規(guī)模并行處理（MPP）的SQL Server設(shè)備優(yōu)化，如數(shù)百TB的大型數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)。</p><p><b>　　構(gòu)造協(xié)議層：</b></p><p>　　協(xié)議層實(shí)現(xiàn)外部接口到SQL Server。通過(guò)微軟定義的格式稱作表格數(shù)據(jù)流（TDS），它可以調(diào)用SQL Server上的所有操作

61、都傳達(dá)。 TDS是一個(gè)應(yīng)用層協(xié)議，用于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器和客戶端之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。最初由Sybase公司的設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)的Sybase SQL Server關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引擎，在1984年，后來(lái)被微軟在Microsoft SQL Server，TDS數(shù)據(jù)包可以在其他物理傳輸依賴協(xié)議，包括TCP / IP，命名管道，包裹和共享內(nèi)存。因此，訪問(wèn)SQL Server提供了這些協(xié)議。此外，SQL Server的API也被暴露在Web服務(wù)。</p>

62、<p><b>　　工具</b></p><p>　　微軟Visual Studio包括與Microsoft SQL Server編程數(shù)據(jù)的原生支持。它可用于編寫(xiě)和調(diào)試代碼被執(zhí)行的SQL CLR。它還包括一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)，可用于以圖形方式創(chuàng)建，查看或編輯數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)師。查詢可以創(chuàng)建視覺(jué)或使用代碼。 SSMS的2008年起，提供SQL查詢的intellisense。SQL Server

63、Management Studio中SQL Server Management Studio是一個(gè)GUI工具，包括與SQL Server 2005和稍后配置，管理和管理Microsoft SQL Server的所有組件。該工具包括腳本編輯器和服務(wù)器的工作對(duì)象和功能的圖形工具。 </p><p>　　SQL Server Management Studio中取代自SQL Server 2005中的Microsoft

64、 SQL服務(wù)器企業(yè)管理的主管理界面。一個(gè)版本的SQL Server Management Studio中也可用于SQL Server Express版，它是SQL Server管理Studio速成（SSMSE的）。已知SQL Server Management Studio中的一個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)是在對(duì)象資源管理器，它允許用戶瀏覽，選擇服務(wù)器后的任何對(duì)象的范圍內(nèi)行事。它可以用來(lái)直觀地觀察和分析查詢計(jì)劃和優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的性能，等等。 SQL Serv