花生脫殼機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文2633字</b></p><p><b>　　花生脫殼機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　摘　要：我國(guó)加入WTO以來(lái)，國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于花生脫殼機(jī)機(jī)械的開發(fā)與推廣應(yīng)用日益增多，針對(duì)現(xiàn)有花生脫殼機(jī)機(jī)械存在的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足，在未來(lái)的發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，對(duì)花生脫殼機(jī)機(jī)械在生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)，不斷完善其功能，使其呈現(xiàn)良好的發(fā)展勢(shì)

2、頭。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：箱體；機(jī)架；工藝；</p><p>　　一，花生脫殼機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　我國(guó)花生脫殼機(jī)的研制自1963年原八機(jī)部下達(dá)花生脫殼機(jī)的研制課題以來(lái)已有幾十種花生脫殼機(jī)問(wèn)世。只進(jìn)行單一脫殼功能的花生脫殼機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格便宜、以小型家用為主的花生脫殼機(jī)在我國(guó)一些地區(qū)廣泛應(yīng)用，能夠完成脫殼、分離、清選和分級(jí)功能的較大型花生脫殼機(jī)在

3、一些大批量花生加工的企業(yè)中應(yīng)用較為普遍。國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有的花生脫殼機(jī)種類很多，如6HB-6型花生剝殼機(jī) ，6HB-20型花生剝殼機(jī)，6HB-2型花生脫殼機(jī)等,技術(shù)參數(shù)見附表,其作業(yè)效率為人工作業(yè)效率的20-60倍以上。6HB-180型花生脫殼機(jī)械采用了三軋輥混合脫殼結(jié)構(gòu),能夠進(jìn)行二次脫殼。而隨著我國(guó)花生產(chǎn)業(yè)的進(jìn)一步調(diào)整,花生產(chǎn)量逐年增加,花生的機(jī)械化脫殼程度將大幅提高,花生脫殼機(jī)械將擁有廣闊的發(fā)展前景?；ㄉ鷦儦さ脑砗芏?因此產(chǎn)生了很多種不同的

4、花生剝殼機(jī)械?；ㄉ鷦儦げ考腔ㄉ鷦儦C(jī)的關(guān)鍵工作部件.剝殼部件的技術(shù)水平?jīng)Q定了機(jī)具作業(yè)剛花生仁破碎率、花生果一次剝凈率及生產(chǎn)效率等重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。在目前的生產(chǎn)銷售中,花生仁破碎率是社會(huì)最為關(guān)心的主要指標(biāo)。八十年代以前的花生剝殼機(jī)械,破碎率一般都大于8%有時(shí)高達(dá)15%以上。加工出的花生仁,只能用來(lái)榨油,不能作種用</p><p>　　二，花生脫殼機(jī)械研究重點(diǎn)　</p><p>　　我國(guó)加入W

5、TO以來(lái)，國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于花生脫殼機(jī)械的開發(fā)與推廣應(yīng)用日益增多。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有花生脫殼機(jī)械存在的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與不足,在未來(lái)的發(fā)展過(guò)程中,對(duì)花生脫殼機(jī)械在生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行總結(jié),不斷完善其功能,使其呈現(xiàn)良好的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭。提高花生脫殼機(jī)械的通用性和兼容性,使研制的花生脫殼機(jī)械通過(guò)更換主要部件能夠同時(shí)對(duì)其他帶殼物料進(jìn)行脫殼加工。研制通過(guò)變換主要工作部件即能滿足不同堅(jiān)果脫殼作業(yè)需要的脫殼機(jī)具。并提高制造工藝水平降低制造成本,以適應(yīng)不同加工企業(yè)的需要?；ㄉ摎C(jī)械能

6、否適應(yīng)這種發(fā)展趨勢(shì),將直接影響到花生脫殼機(jī)械能否更好的推廣應(yīng)用與健康發(fā)展。提高機(jī)械脫殼率。降低破損率,對(duì)花生脫殼機(jī)械的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與工作部件進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)攻關(guān),改革傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),研究新的脫殼機(jī)理,優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，同時(shí)在整體配置上進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)和完善，提高脫殼率，降低籽仁破損率。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外的花生脫殼機(jī)械均存在脫殼率和破損率之間的矛盾，處理好這一關(guān)鍵技術(shù)將關(guān)系到花生脫殼機(jī)械的發(fā)展前景。向自動(dòng)控制和自動(dòng)化方向發(fā)展大多數(shù)機(jī)具目前仍依賴人工喂料或定位，影響了作業(yè)速度

7、和作業(yè)質(zhì)量。因此應(yīng)通過(guò)機(jī)電一體化手段，開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)喂料、自動(dòng)定位脫殼裝置，保證均勻喂料與有效定位，實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)組自動(dòng)</p><p>　　三， 花生脫殼機(jī)械的工藝研究 </p><p>　　在脫殼技術(shù)方面，除了在原理和設(shè)備上進(jìn)行研究外，人們還在工藝上進(jìn)行了研究以提高籽粒的脫殼率及脫殼質(zhì)量。 分級(jí)處理 物料的粒度范圍大，必須先按大小分級(jí)，再進(jìn)行脫殼，才能提高脫殼率，減少破損率。 水分含量 花生

8、莢果的含水率對(duì)脫殼效果有很大的影響，含水率大，則外殼的韌性增加；含水率小，則果仁的粉末度大。因此應(yīng)使花生莢果盡量保持最適當(dāng)?shù)暮?，以保證外殼和果仁具有最大彈性變形和塑性變形的差異，即外殼含水率低到使其具有最大的脆性，脫殼時(shí)能被充分破裂，同時(shí)又要保持仁的可塑性，不能因水分太少而使果仁在外力作用下粉末度太大，可減少果仁破損率。</p><p>　　四，花生脫殼機(jī)械應(yīng)用前景展望</p><p>

9、;　　展望花生脫殼機(jī)械應(yīng)用前景?；ㄉa(chǎn)機(jī)械化是農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的重要組成部分，是農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展的重要保證，近年來(lái)，花生機(jī)械裝備總量不斷穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)，作業(yè)水平進(jìn)一步提高，社會(huì)化服務(wù)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，雖然目前花生脫殼機(jī)械化水平較高，但是多應(yīng)用于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)與示范推廣區(qū)，并且小型機(jī)械多、大型機(jī)械少，低檔機(jī)械多、高性能機(jī)械少。在一些地區(qū)，用作種子和特殊用途的花生仁仍采用傳統(tǒng)的手工剝殼，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率低，區(qū)域性發(fā)展不平衡。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，我國(guó)花生生產(chǎn)機(jī)

10、械化開始了新的發(fā)展階段，農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整發(fā)生了新的變化，也對(duì)花生機(jī)械的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了積極而深遠(yuǎn)的影響，不僅拉動(dòng)了新的有效需求，而且構(gòu)筑了適合花生生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的新舞臺(tái)，為花生生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化真正成為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的推動(dòng)器提供了廣闊的市場(chǎng)發(fā)展條件。在一些地區(qū)推進(jìn)花生生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化的過(guò)程中，相繼出臺(tái)了鼓勵(lì)和扶持農(nóng)民購(gòu)買花生機(jī)械、開展花生機(jī)械作業(yè)服務(wù)的優(yōu)惠政策和措施，調(diào)動(dòng)了農(nóng)民購(gòu)買花生機(jī)械的積極性，形成了新的市場(chǎng)需求。隨著花生種植業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)花生深加工

11、產(chǎn)品的需求不斷增大，提高花生脫殼機(jī)械化作業(yè)水平成為必然?；ㄉ摎C(jī)在提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度方面起到了積極的作用，促進(jìn)了花</p><p>　　五，花生去殼機(jī)存在的問(wèn)題：</p><p>　　目前我國(guó)在花生脫殼技術(shù)研究方面一直沒有大的突破，資金投入也不足，脫殼部件的研制仍在20世紀(jì)90年代初的技術(shù)水平上徘徊，所以在脫殼性能上并沒有很大的提高。由于機(jī)械脫殼時(shí)對(duì)花生仁的損傷率偏高，用于種子

12、和較長(zhǎng)期貯存的花生仁至今仍是手工剝殼。脫殼機(jī)械在技術(shù)性能和作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)上存在以下問(wèn)題：（1）脫殼率低，脫殼后的果仁破損率高，損失大。（2）機(jī)具性能不穩(wěn)定，適應(yīng)性差。（3）通用性差，利用率低。（4）作業(yè)成本偏高，多數(shù)是單機(jī)制造，制造的工藝水平較低，同時(shí)能耗較高。（5） 有些產(chǎn)品僅進(jìn)行了樣機(jī)試制或少量試生產(chǎn)未進(jìn)行大量生產(chǎn)性考核和示范應(yīng)用，作業(yè)性能。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b><

13、;/p><p>　　[1]張龍勛．機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書．機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999</p><p>　　[2朱文堅(jiān), 劉小康．機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方法學(xué)．廣州：華南理工大學(xué)出版社，2006</p><p>　　[3]李益民．機(jī)械制造工藝設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)明手冊(cè)．機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1998</p><p>　　[4]機(jī)械工程手冊(cè)編委會(huì)．機(jī)械工程手冊(cè)．機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1

14、999</p><p>　　[5]周靄明．機(jī)械制圖．同濟(jì)大學(xué)出版社，2001</p><p>　　[6]成大先．機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)．北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2002</p><p>　　[7]祝毓琥．機(jī)械原理．北京 : 高等敎育出版社, 1986</p><p>　　[8]黃鶴汀. 機(jī)械制造裝備. 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2001</p>

15、<p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　Peanut shelling machine design</p><p>　　Abstract: Since the country joined the WTO, on the development and application of domestic and foreign peanut

16、 shelling machine machinery increased, for the advantages and disadvantages of existing peanut shelling machine machinery exists, in the course of future development, peanut shelling machine mechanical experience in prod

17、uction applications were summarized, and constantly improve its capabilities, it showed a good momentum of development.</p><p>　　Keywords: cabinet; rack; process;</p><p>　　First, the status of d

18、evelopment of peanut shelling machine</p><p>　　Development of peanut shelling machine since 1963 the Ministry issued the original eight local research topic since peanut shelling machine has dozens of peanut

19、 shelling machine available. Only a single simple function of peanut shelling machine shelling , cheap to small home -based peanut shelling machine is widely used in some parts of China , to complete shelling , separatin

20、g, sorting and clearing larger peanut grading functions sheller in some large quantities of peanut processing enterprise</p><p>　　Second, the research focus peanut shelling machinery</p><p>　　Si

21、nce China's accession to WTO, domestic development and application on peanut shelling machine is increasing. For the advantages and disadvantages of existing peanut shelling machinery exist in the future development

22、process, the peanut shelling machinery experience in production applications were summarized, and constantly improve its capabilities, it showed a good momentum of development. Improve peanut shelling machine versatility

23、 and compatibility , making peanut shelling machinery develope</p><p>　　Third, the research process peanut shelling machine</p><p>　　In shelling technology, in addition to research on the theory

24、 and equipment, people still were studied in order to improve the quality of grain husking rate and shelling on the process . Particle size range of graded material handling large , must first size grading , and then she

25、lling , shelling in order to improve the rate and reduce breakage . The pod moisture content with the moisture content of a large effect on the impact shelling , water rate, to increase the toughness of the housing; sma&

26、lt;/p><p>　　Fourth, peanut shelling prospect mechanical outlook</p><p>　　Looking peanut shelling prospect machinery. Peanut production mechanization is an important part of the modernization of agr

27、iculture is an important guarantee sustained and rapid development of agriculture and rural economy in recent years, the total amount of peanut machinery and equipment continued to grow steadily, to further improve the o

28、perating level , social services have been expanding, although peanuts shelling higher level of mechanization , but more used in economically developed area</p><p>　　Fifth, shelled peanut machine problems: &

29、lt;/p><p>　　At present our research in peanut shelling technology has been no major breakthrough, but also lack of capital investment, research and shelling is still hovering on the early part of the 1990s leve

30、l of technology, so the shelling did not greatly improve performance. Due to mechanical shelling peanuts for a high damage rate for longer-term storage of seeds and peanut sheller is still handmade. Mechanical shelling t