themegallerypowertemplate-常州大學(xué)周有光語(yǔ)言文化學(xué)院

1、An Intermediate Course of Interpretation,主講：王春燕,課程對(duì)象,中級(jí)口譯課程是針對(duì)通過大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)的非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)本科生，有志提高英語(yǔ)實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力的學(xué)生開設(shè)的專業(yè)技能拓展課。,教學(xué)目標(biāo),理論熏陶幫助學(xué)生了解口譯的性質(zhì)、分類、特點(diǎn)、主要理論，從而促進(jìn)對(duì)口譯活動(dòng)的認(rèn)識(shí)技能培養(yǎng)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生熟悉并掌握常用的交替?zhèn)髯g技能，如口譯準(zhǔn)備、聽力理解、短時(shí)記憶、速記、視譯、順句驅(qū)動(dòng)、長(zhǎng)句切分、數(shù)字口譯、信息重組、演

2、說等職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備督促學(xué)生參加《上海市英語(yǔ)中級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書》考試，為今后的職業(yè)發(fā)展搭建更高的平臺(tái),Differences between interpretation and translation,口譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Accuracy /preciseness (準(zhǔn)確)faithful to the original speech and the feeling of the speaker. In specific, it means

3、preciseness in topic, viewpoint, words, sentences, numbers, spirits, style, tone, etc., Fluency /Smoothness（順暢）expressive, idiomatic and harmonious with the genre of the original speech; in accordance with the idioms o

4、f a language. Speed / Quick response （迅速）words must be condensed, simple-structured; fluent and eloquent, skillful in using language.,,FluencyHappily 興高采烈、 upset 七上八下Practice： Not attentive、 Messy三心二意

5、 亂七八糟 Speed這本書太難，我讀不懂。 The book is too hard for me to read.---The book is beyond me.Practice： 他有他的太太，我有我的先生。 He has his wife, and I have my husband.--- Both of us have got married.,口譯日常練習(xí),Listening: BBC VO

6、A NPR CNN CCTV9 UNradio 漢語(yǔ)訪談 新聞節(jié)目等 雙語(yǔ)同進(jìn) 方法：C--E--C 慢速 常速Speaking: 出聲跟讀 邊看邊試譯Reading: 環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào) China daily Economist News Week 網(wǎng)絡(luò)雙語(yǔ)資料Writing： 記錄講話者的邏輯信息 口譯筆記Interpreting：演講 發(fā)布會(huì) 談判等題材 總理答

7、記者問 國(guó)新辦的發(fā)布會(huì) 國(guó)外的政府部門的發(fā)布會(huì) 大會(huì)演講等,,口譯人員的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),1. Language Competence 2. Encyclopedic Knowledge3. Skills = Professional Interpreting Skills + Artistic Presentation Skills 譯員應(yīng)該掌握的知識(shí) =雙語(yǔ)知識(shí)+百科知識(shí) +技能(職業(yè)口譯技能 +藝術(shù)表達(dá)技

8、能 ),口譯技能訓(xùn)練,口譯短期記憶(short-term memory)、口譯筆記(note-taking)、口譯筆記閱讀（note-reading）、連續(xù)傳譯理解原則（principles of CI understanding）、言語(yǔ)類型分析(analysis of speech-type)、主題思想識(shí)別（identification of main ideas）、目的語(yǔ)信息重組(reconstruction)、數(shù)字傳

9、譯技巧（interpreting figures）、口譯應(yīng)對(duì)策略（coping tactics）、譯前準(zhǔn)備技巧(preparation)、演說技巧（public speaking skills）、跨文化交際技巧（cross-cultural communication）、口譯職業(yè)準(zhǔn)則（professional standards）等,中級(jí)口譯技能訓(xùn)練一覽表1,中級(jí)口譯技能訓(xùn)練一覽表2,中級(jí)口譯技能訓(xùn)練一覽表3,1.賓館入住2

10、.機(jī)場(chǎng)接待3.口譯速記4.演講比賽5.面試訪談6.禮儀祝酒,口譯課堂訓(xùn)練話題,7.餐飲宴請(qǐng)8.觀光旅游9.數(shù)字口譯10.中國(guó)文化11.商業(yè)談判12.口語(yǔ)表達(dá),,口譯中的聽辨與短時(shí)記憶訓(xùn)練Listening and information receiving and short-term memory training,口譯中的聽辨,“聽辨” （Listening and information receiving）

11、不僅要“聽”還要“辨”，即思考、分析?！奥牨妗笔强谧g過程中的第一階段。接收到源語(yǔ)信息，并通過種種分析手段把接收到的信息納入到我們的理解范疇，以便儲(chǔ)存和輸出。,口譯時(shí)該如何聽？,從聽字詞轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槁犚馑?listen for the ideas instead of the words從聽語(yǔ)言形式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槁爟?nèi)在含義 listen for sense從語(yǔ)音聽辨轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎Z(yǔ)流聽辨聽的時(shí)候經(jīng)常問自己：發(fā)言人要說什么意思？,一般來講，記憶的效果與

12、記憶材料的類型有一定的關(guān)系。比如邏輯關(guān)系清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的語(yǔ)料記憶起來就比較容易、記憶保持的效果也比較理想。另外，記憶的效果還與待識(shí)記語(yǔ)料是否具有形象性有關(guān)。人們對(duì)貼近生活實(shí)景生動(dòng)、形象的描述記憶起來會(huì)比較容易，印象也比較深刻。一、信息視覺化和現(xiàn)實(shí)化訓(xùn)練Visualization二、邏輯分層記憶訓(xùn)練 （Categorization, generalization and comparison）,口譯記憶的常用方法：,澳大利亞和中國(guó)

13、在生態(tài)環(huán)境上有很大的差別，我認(rèn)為原因很多。首先是由于中國(guó)的人口密度較大，其次是經(jīng)濟(jì)情況不同。澳大利亞的經(jīng)濟(jì)主要依靠第一和第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，比如農(nóng)業(yè)、旅游業(yè)，它們對(duì)環(huán)境的污染相對(duì)較??；而中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)更依賴于第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（工業(yè)），第二產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境污染最大。另外，澳大利亞是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上有能力制定比較嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境保護(hù)法規(guī)。第三是歷史的原因。雖然澳大利亞的土族居民有六萬(wàn)多年的歷史，但是他們是游牧民族，所以對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境沒有重大影響。澳大利亞重要的人類活動(dòng)只有

14、兩百年的歷史。在中國(guó)，重要的人類活動(dòng)已有幾千年之久。第四，中國(guó)的環(huán)境保護(hù)還沒有受到應(yīng)有的重視。第五個(gè)原因是澳大利亞人和中國(guó)人的社會(huì)文明意識(shí)有所不同。,提綱式記憶: Example,澳、中生態(tài)環(huán)境差別原因： 1． 人口密度 2．  經(jīng)濟(jì)情況： 澳：第一、三產(chǎn)業(yè)（兩例、結(jié)果） 中：第二產(chǎn)業(yè)（結(jié)果） 此外，澳：發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)（環(huán)保法規(guī)）

15、3． 歷史：（重要人類活動(dòng)史比較） 4．環(huán)保重視程度 5．文明意識(shí),提綱式記憶: Example,,,賓館入住,迎賓接待常用詞匯,價(jià)目表預(yù)定金 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間豪華套房托運(yùn)的行李行李推車客滿未經(jīng)預(yù)約的客人 叫人按鈕餐桌轉(zhuǎn)盤,hotel tariffreservation deposit standard roomluxury/ deluxe suiteChecked baggageLuggage c

16、art / trolleyno vacancywalk-in guest room service buttonLazy Susan,單人間 single room雙人間 double room單人套房 chambers 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間 standard room普通套房standard suite  豪華套房luxury/ deluxe suite總統(tǒng)套房   presid

17、ential suite 帶浴室的雙人房  a double room with a bath山莊別墅 mountain villa,迎賓接待常用詞匯,迎賓接待常用表達(dá),一路辛苦了。久仰久仰 我一直盼望著您來謝謝你不遠(yuǎn)萬(wàn)里來到我們公司。我很榮幸認(rèn)識(shí)您為您接風(fēng)洗塵對(duì)不起，我們已經(jīng)客滿了,Is your journey enjoyable? I have heard a lot about you.

18、 We have been expecting your arrivalThank you for coming all the way to our company.I'm glad to have the honor of knowing youHost a reception banquet in your honorSorry, we have no vacant(spare) room for you.,有什

19、么特殊要求嗎? 朝陽(yáng)面/陰面如果可能我想要一個(gè)不臨街的安靜房間請(qǐng)?zhí)詈眠@張表并預(yù)付一百元錢請(qǐng)問您什么時(shí)候結(jié)帳退宿?我有衣服需要送洗。歡迎您再度光臨.,Do you have any preference?(with)   a front / rear view I’d like a quiet room away from the street if it is possible. Would you m

20、ind filling in this form and play a hundred yuan in advance. May I have your check out time, please? I have some laundry. We hope to see you again soon.,迎賓接待常用表達(dá),Check in（登記入?。?實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,A: Hi, I have a reservation under t

21、he name of Sandals.B: Could I see your ID, please, sir?A: Of course! Let me take it out of my wallet. Sure. Here you are. B: Thank you, sir. Now, do you have a credit card, sir?A: Yes, of course. Is American Expr

22、ess okay? How about American Express? B: I'm sorry, Mr. Sandals. Only VISA or MasterCard.Regrettably, sir, we accept only MasterCard or VISA. A: In that case, here's my VISA.I thought American Express w

23、as accepted everywhere. Never mind. Here's my VISA. B: Thank you. Your room number is 507, queen bed, nonsmoking. Is that okay /agreeable to you, sir?A: Yes, I'm easy to please. / Yeah, that'll be fine

24、. Yes, that's just what I wanted. B: Very good. Here is your room key, sir. If you need anything at all, please dial 0.,,,口譯速記Note-taking,＝ the same as, that is to say, in other words, be equal to; match/rival

25、/competitor, counterpart≈大約， about/around, or so, approximately∵because of, owing to, due to, thanks to因?yàn)?由于,多虧∴ so, therefore所以,因此,結(jié)果Ｏ  表示“人”people/person，因?yàn)椤埃铩笨瓷先ハ駛€(gè)人頭，它通常被寫在一個(gè)詞或符號(hào)的右上角。例如：日本人：Jｏ。,筆記符號(hào)系統(tǒng)和縮略語(yǔ),∞

26、 contact, exchanges >< conflicts, disputes, contradictions ∈ belong to, is of ,of: victoryO  圓圈代表地球，橫線表示赤道，所以這個(gè)符號(hào)就可以表示國(guó)際的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc. ?

27、60;表示開心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.  表示不滿、生氣unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.,筆記符號(hào)系統(tǒng)和縮略語(yǔ),∧  表示轉(zhuǎn)折but yet however☆  表示“重要的”狀態(tài)：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant

28、，etc.&  表示“和”，“與”：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc. $ 金錢，利益，如： interest ， benefit ， money ， fund ， capital∥  表示“結(jié)束”：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/st

29、op, etc.,筆記符號(hào)系統(tǒng)和縮略語(yǔ),cf   =   compare e.g.   =   example prs   =   presentation sbj   =   subject ind   =   individu

30、al cns   =   conservative,Abbriviation and 3-letter rule,,Welcome to Shanghai, Mr. and Mrs. Collins. I’m Meng Shiqi, Manager of the Overseas Marketing Department of the Shanghai Lianhua Garment Manuf

31、acturing ( Group) Corporation. //,,It’s my pleasure to meet you and your wife here on behalf of Mr. Chen, General Manager of the company. I hope our arrangement for your stay with us meets your requirement. //,,Mr. Chen

32、would like me to represent the company at our business talks in the next few days. //,,I will talk with you about the establishment of the company’s overseas sales network. Your advice will be very much appreciated.,請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我

33、今晚在此重申，讓我們以相互尊重、互惠互利的原則，以尊嚴(yán)與公正共存的原則為行動(dòng)指南。//同中國(guó)人民進(jìn)行貿(mào)易往來， 同中國(guó)人民交朋友， 必定符合我國(guó)人民的根本利益。//貴國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)給我們留下了深刻的印象， 這一雄心勃勃的偉業(yè)，使我們未來的合作關(guān)系前程似錦。//據(jù)我所知，今日中國(guó)采取了一種務(wù)實(shí)的、行之有效的方法。我們祝愿你們?nèi)〉贸晒Γ⒃敢庠谶@項(xiàng)偉大的事業(yè)中與你合作。,口譯速記演示,,,禮儀祝酒,Types Of Ceremonia

34、l Speeches,1）Opening ceremony or closing ceremony speeches 開幕/閉幕辭 2) Toasts 祝酒詞3) Graduation Speeches 畢業(yè)演說4）Awards acceptance speeches 獲獎(jiǎng)感言5）Welcoming Speeches

35、 歡迎詞6）Condolence and Memorial speeches 哀悼詞/k?n`d?ul?ns/,稱呼:從最高級(jí)別開始,貴賓們, 女士們,先生們各位貴賓,尊敬的合作伙伴,女士們,先生們陳校長(zhǎng),任書記,遲副校長(zhǎng),韋副部長(zhǎng),謝謝你們顧校長(zhǎng),感謝您充滿贊譽(yù)之詞的介紹. Distinguished Guests, Ladies and GentlemenExcellencies, Valued

36、Partners, Ladies and GentlemenThank you, President Chen, Chairman Ren, Vice President Chi, Vice Minister WeiThank you, President Gu, for that most flattering introduction.,稱呼,各位同事 各位嘉賓 尊敬的來賓 同志們 青年朋友們老師們、同學(xué)們、朋友們

37、親愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們,Dear colleaguesDistinguished guestsHonored GuestsComradesYoung friendsDear faculty and staff members, students and friendsDear athletes,Your /His/Her Majesty. 陛下 Their Majesties have arrived. 國(guó)王與王后陛下已駕到

38、Your/Her/His Highness殿下, 閣下（用作對(duì)皇室成員的尊稱） Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Kent 肯特公爵和公爵夫人閣下 Your/His/Her Excellency/Honor 閣下 His Excellency the French Ambassador 法國(guó)大使閣下.,感謝的各種表達(dá),ThankExpress my gratitude

39、 to/be grateful forPay tribute toAcknowledge Appreciate Owe,,Thank sb. for sth. 感謝你們熱情而慷慨的歡迎Thank you for your warm and generous welcome.I’d like to extend/ express my sincere /heartfelt thanks to sb. for sth.在這里

40、，我謹(jǐn)向你們并通過你們，向所有為北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)作出貢獻(xiàn)的人們，表示誠(chéng)摯的謝意！I would like to express heartfelt thanks to you and, through you, to all those who have contributed to the Beijing Olympic Games.,歡迎/Welcome,Welcome sb. to someplaceExtend/offer my

41、 warm welcome to sb to someplace首先，請(qǐng)讓我代表______向_____，致以熱烈的歡迎和崇高的敬意。First of all, on behalf of _____, I would like to extend our warmest welcome and highest respect to __sb.___.歡迎各位朋友光臨今天的“ ”論壇開幕式。Welcome to tod

42、ay's opening ceremony for the forum of “ ".,祝酒/propose a toast to/to,預(yù)?！瓐A滿成功提議祝酒 共同舉杯 為友誼,合作,健康干杯 干杯,wish… a complete successpropose a toastjoin us in a toast topropose a toast to our friendship,

43、 cooperation and healthcheers,祝酒/propose a toast to/to,現(xiàn)在我祝酒，為閣下的身體健康，為所有中國(guó)朋友們的身體健康，為我們永久的友誼，干杯！May I propose a toast,To the health of Your Excellency,To the health of all the Chinese friends,To our lasting frien

44、dship.Cheers!,Vocabulary Preparation,主持晚宴 preside /pr?`za?d/ at this dinner主持討論會(huì) chair a discussion/seminar請(qǐng)…發(fā)言 Give the floor toLet’ s welcome… to give a speech請(qǐng)…頒獎(jiǎng) Let’s invite… to present the award,C-E Interpr

45、etation,女士們、先生們、同志們、朋友們： 新年的鐘聲即將敲響。在這辭舊迎新的美好時(shí)刻，我很高興通過中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)、中央人民廣播電臺(tái)和中央電視臺(tái)，向全國(guó)各族人民，向香港特別行政區(qū)同胞和澳門特別行政區(qū)同胞，向臺(tái)灣同胞和海外僑胞，向世界各國(guó)的朋友，致以新年的祝賀！,Ladies and Gentlemen, Comrades and Friends, The New Year bell will be rung

46、 soon. At the moment of ringing out the old and ringing in the new, I’m very happy to extend New Year greetings to Chinese people of various ethnic groups, including our compatriots in Hong Kong Special Administrative Re

47、gion, Macao Special Administrative Region and in Taiwan, as well as all overseas Chinese people, and friends from various countries in a message broadcast by China Radio International, China National Radio and China Cent

48、ral Television.,,數(shù)字口譯,Figure Interpreting,個(gè) 百十個(gè) 百十個(gè) 百十個(gè) 百十個(gè)1，2 3 4, 5 6 7, 8 9 1, 2 3 4 T b m th個(gè) 千百十個(gè) 千百十個(gè) 千百十個(gè)1， 2 3 4 5, 6 7 8 9, 1 2 3 4萬(wàn)億 億 萬(wàn),1萬(wàn)：

49、 10T10萬(wàn)： 100T1000萬(wàn)： 10M1億： 100M100億： 10B1000億：

50、 100B,百分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的口譯,8%—— eight percent15%—— fifteen percent42%—— forty-two percent4.35%—— four point three five percent0.5%——

51、 point five percent4.032—— four point naught three two71.006—— seventy-one point naught naught six,1/2——one half; a half1/3——one third1/4——a quarter3/5——three-fifths7/8——seven-eighth

52、s1/10——one-tenth1/100——one-hundredth；one percent1/1000——one-thousandth14/1000——fourteen-thousandths1/10000——one-ten thousandths2-1/2——two and a half4-2/3——four and two-thirds,8. 增/減倍數(shù)的口譯,英語(yǔ)用times 表示倍數(shù)。A is N tim

53、es larger（longer，heavier…）than B.A is larger（longer，heavier…）than B by N times.A is N times as large（long，heavy…）as B. A is N times the size (length, weight, amount,)of B“A的大小(長(zhǎng)度、重量……)是B的N倍”或 “A比B大（長(zhǎng)、重……）N-1倍”,表示倍

54、數(shù)：“英文數(shù)字” +times或 +fold,2倍 Double 3倍 Triple 4倍 Quadruple 5倍 Quintuple 6倍 Sextuple 7倍 Septuple 8倍 Octuple 9倍 Nonuple 10倍 Decuple,TwofoldThreefoldFourfoldFivefoldSixfold...TenfoldHundredfold,9. 百分比的翻譯1: “增/減了

55、……%”,IncreaseRisegrow go up …%,DecreaseDropFallsink …%,IncreaseRiseGrowgo up by …%,DecreaseDropFallgo down by …%,數(shù)字口譯練習(xí)1,請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分別朗讀出下列整數(shù)數(shù)字2872 3245 3657 7650 654251234 43257 66549

56、97896 15436 37648 8456372 231435 324538 532978 95316521 232 456 31 343 678 41 243 569 87 679 765,199,096,565 725,178,877 784,885,825 339,650,760 247,818,74

57、7 671,319,200 263,380,064 408,970,120 700,963,040 838,456,253 295,400,746 496,902,938 186,336,657 657,034,467 963,362,818 328,168,406 662,385,997 868,919,060 633,334,674 998,710,232 183,405,596

58、903,302,542 413,296,287 634,356,974 899,187,474 907,447,210 717,389,107 558,113,468 906,934,481 796,518,424,考試樣題：Number interpretation (30%=6*5),(1) eight million four hundred fifty-one thousand seven hundred(

59、2) seven hundred forty-four million two hundred one thousand forty-five(3) 67億7981萬(wàn)8753(4) 508萬(wàn)(5) 96億,,,Chinese Cuisine Translation,中國(guó)菜的烹飪方式主要有:,煎,煸,炒 (saute /`s?ute?/ )炒(stir-fry)炸 (fry;deep-fry)爆(quick fry)蒸 (

60、steam)燉/燜/煨(Braise/stew/simmer)烤 (roast /broil (AmE) /grill BrE )烘烤(bake) broil a chicken 烤雞. grilled steak 烤肉排 an electric grill 電烤架,中國(guó)菜的切功和形狀主要有:,丁 dices塊 cubes片 s

61、lices末 minces絲 shred條 straps段 chunks柳 fillets/filet AmE肉餡/魚糜/蝦糜 minced meat /fillet/shrimp a chunk of bread, meat, ice, wood, etc 一大塊面包/ 肉/冰/木頭等

62、.,椰菜/西蘭花 broccoli / `br?k?l?/ 　　甘藍(lán) Chinese broccoli 　　菜花cauliflower/`k?l?flau? / 甘藍(lán); 卷心菜cabbage 大白菜 Chinese cabbage 萵苣/生菜 lettuce /`let?s/ 　　甜菜 beet　　菠菜 spinach /ˋsp?n?t?/,中國(guó)常見菜名,芥菜 mustard/`m?s

63、t?d/ 　　韭菜 Chinese chive [t?a?v] 　　韭黃 leek shoot　　韭蔥 leek 洋蔥 onion 大蔥 spring onion / scallion (US) /`skælj?n/ 大蒜 garlic　　蒜苗 garlic stem 豆芽 bean sprout,,酸菜蝦米蝦龍蝦羊腿羊排羊肚,

64、pickled dried shrimps prawnBrE/ shrimpAmE Lobster Lamb Leg  Lamb/mutton ChopsLamb Tripe,,豬蹄豬肘子豬肝豬腰子豬肚肥腸豬排骨.,Pork trotter /pig feetPork hock Pork liver Pork kidney Pork tripePork Intestines Pork c

65、hop,,牛腩牛柳牛蹄筋   牛肋骨 牛仔骨牛排臘牛肉,Beef Brisket Beef Filet Beef Tendon Beef Ribs Calf Ribs Beef Steak Preserved Beef,菜名翻譯方法,一、以主料開頭的翻譯方法 二、以烹制方法開頭的翻譯方法 三、以形狀或口感開頭的翻譯方法四、以人名或地名開頭的翻譯方法五、菜單英文譯法中漢語(yǔ)拼音的使用原則六、菜單中

66、的可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)使用原則 七、介詞in和with在湯汁、配料中的用法,一、以主料開頭的翻譯方法,1.介紹菜肴的主料和配料主料（名稱/形狀）+ with + 配料如：白靈菇扣鴨掌 Mushrooms with Duck Feet2.介紹菜肴的主料和配汁主料 + with/in + 湯汁（Sauce）如：冰梅涼瓜 Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce,二、以烹制方法開頭的翻譯原則,1.介紹菜肴的做法和主料做

67、法（動(dòng)詞過去式）+主料（名稱/形狀）如：火爆腰花 Sautéed Pig's Kidney2.介紹菜肴的做法、主料和配料做法（動(dòng)詞過去式）+主料（名稱/形狀）+ 配料如：地瓜燒肉Stewed Diced Pork and Sweet Potatoes3、介紹菜肴的烹法、主料和味汁： 烹法+主料(形狀)+(with,in)味汁例：紅燒牛肉braised beef with brown sauce,三、

68、以形狀或口感開頭的翻譯方法,1、介紹菜肴的形狀(口感)和主料、輔料公式：形狀(口感)+主料+(with)輔料例：芝麻酥雞 crisp chicken with sesame陳皮兔丁 diced rabbit with orange peel時(shí)蔬雞片sliced chicken with seasonal vegetable,,2、介紹菜肴的口感、烹法和主料公式：口感+烹法+主料例：香酥排骨crisp fried spa

69、reribs　　水煮嫩魚tender stewed fish　　香煎雞塊fragrant fried chicken 酥炸雞條 Crisp fried fish strip,,3、介紹菜肴的形狀(口感)、主料和味汁公式：形狀(口感)+主料+(with)味汁例：茄汁魚片sliced fish with tomato sauce椒麻雞塊cutlets chicken with hot pepper黃酒脆皮蝦