改變符號(hào)莫斯科的地名改建工程【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：ChangingSymbols:TheRenovationofMoscowPlaceNamesoneofthemostimptantproblemsconfrontinganewregimeisthegenerationofasenseofitslegitimacy.Thisiscrucialfitssurvivallongtermstability.Oneofthekeyaspectsofthi

2、sisthroughthemanipulationofsymbols.Throughtheirabilitytocapturethemomenttoreducecomplexeventstomesimplisticunderstablecameostherebytoestablishmeaningtoprovokepassionsofferventcommitment(amongsomeviolentopposition)megener

3、allytheirabilitysimplytorepresentcomplexideaseventsembedthemwithinthepopularconsciousnessculturesymbolscanfacilitateanacceptanceofthenewregimewhatitstsf.Symbolscanlegitimateactionbeliefbyhelpingtodefinemanyofthecollectiv

4、evaluesthatunderpinthecommunityhelptoidentifytheboundsofthesocietytheprinciplesbywhichitisgoverned.Overwhelminglypoliticalsymbolismlegitimatestheregime’spowerstructure.Accdinglywhenaregimefallsitssuccesswillbeanxioustore

5、placethesymboliccultureofthefallenregimebyanewonebettersuitedtoitsends.Thegenerationofnewsymbolslikeflagscoatsofarmsanthemsthedestructionofoldconstructionofnewmonumentsthecreationofnewritualstheinjectionofnewcontentintoe

6、xistingritualseventherewkingofthelanguage(throughtheinjectionofnewwdsthechangingofthemeaningofexistingtermstheeliminationofsomewds)indertoinvestitwithanewethoshaveallbeenimptanttothecreationofanewregime’ssymbolicculture.

7、Acentralcomponentofthecreationofanewsymboliccultureistherenamingofstreetplacenames.Theseareimptantbecausetheycombineageographicalsenseofdirectionplacewithanintellectualperhapsevenideologicalsenseofdirectionplace.Function

8、allyplacenamesenablepeopletolocatethemselveslanguageofarchitecturethegreatslogansofourepoch.”Thelanguagewasalsoreshapedwiththedominanceofitbyarangeoftermsassociatedwithparticularaspectsoftheregime(thegreeting“comrade”ist

9、hebestexample)bythepropensitytocreatenewwdsbyabbreviatingrunningtogetherthedifferentwdsinpropernames.Thedevelopmentofnewpersonalnameslinkedtoregimeiconographywasalsocommon.Therewasalsotherewkingofplacenames.Therenamingof

10、streetswasacommonpracticeduringtheSovietperiod.Initiallyitwasdesignedtoeliminatereferencestothetsaristperiodtosymbolizethenewdawnthat1917washeldtoherald.Astimepasseditalsobecameawayofglifyingtheleadingfiguresintherevolut

11、ionarymovementtheregimeincludingcurrentleadersremovaloftheirnamesfromthestreetswaspercontraawayofdenigratingthosewhohadlostoutinthepoliticalstrugglecontributedtotheremovalofthemfromthepagesofSoviethisty.JosephStalinwasth

12、emostprominentcasualtyinthisregardprincipallybecausesomuchrightacrossthecountrywasnamedafterhimbuthewasclearlynotaloneinsufferinginthiswayfexampletheleadingmembersoftheantipartygroupin1957GegiiMalenkovViacheslavMolotovLa

13、zarKaganovichwerealsoexpunged.TimothyColtonhascitedsomefiguresfsomeyearsofthenumberofMoscowstreetsrenamed:191821–14perannum(p.a.)1922–2021929–35–12p.a.1936–52–5p.a.1953–63–28p.a.1964–1561965–1341968–331969–21970s–5p.a.Th

14、ismeansthatbytheendofthe1980sthestockofstreetnamespotentiallysubjecttorevisiondidnotreflecttheSovietpastinitscompletenessthenamesdirectlyassociatedwithStalin(includingmostofthosewhowerehisvictims)NikitaKhrushchevhadalrea

15、dybeensubstantiallyoverhauled.Itisfthisreasonthatamongthenameschangedfrom1990somanyhaverevolutionary(1917)associationsarelinkedwiththenonpoliticalsectsoflife.ThepostSovietrulersofRussiadidnotgenerallyusetheterm“revolutio