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1、1、外文原文（復(fù)印件）外文原文（復(fù)印件）A:FundamentalsofSinglechipMicrocomputerThesinglechipmicrocomputeristheculminationofboththedevelopmentofthedigitalcomputertheintegratedcircuitarguablythetowmostsignificantinventionsofthe20thcentury[1].

2、Thesetowtypesofarchitecturearefoundinsinglechipmicrocomputer.SomeemploythesplitprogramdatamemyoftheHarvardarchitectureshowninFig.35A1othersfollowthephilosophywidelyadaptedfgeneralpurposecomputersmicroprocesssofmakingnolo

3、gicaldistinctionbetweenprogramdatamemyasinthePrincetonarchitectureshowninFig.35A2.IngeneraltermsasinglechipmicrocomputerisacterizedbytheincpationofalltheunitsofacomputerintoasingledeviceasshowninFig35A3.Fig.35A1AHarvardt

4、ypeFig.35A2.AconventionalPrincetoncomputerProgrammemyDatamemyCPUInputinmostamechanismisprovidedtoatleastallowsomeflexibilityofchoosingwhichpinsareoutputswhichareinputs.Thismayapplytoallsomeofthepts.SomeIOlinesaresuitable

5、fdirectinterfacingtofexamplefluescentdisplayscanprovidesufficientcurrenttomakeinterfacingothercomponentsstraightfward.SomedevicesallowanIOpttobeconfiguredasasystembustoallowoffchipmemyIOexpansion.Thisfacilityispotentiall

6、yusefulasaproductrangedevelopssincesuccessiveenhancementsmaybecometoobigfonchipmemyitisundesirablenottobuildontheexistingsoftwarebase.Serialinputoutput.Serialcommunicationwithterminaldevicesiscommonmeansofprovidingalinku

7、singasmallnumberoflines.Thisstofcommunicationcanalsobeexploitedfinterfacingspecialfunctionchipslinkingseveralmicrocomputerstogether.Boththecommonasynchronoussynchronouscommunicationschemesrequireprotocolsthatprovideframi

8、ng(startstop)infmation.ThiscanbeimplementedasahardwarefacilityU(S)ART(Universal(synchronous)asynchronousreceivertransmitter)relievingtheprocess(theapplicationsprogrammer)ofthislowleveltimeconsumingdetail.tismerelynecessa

9、rytoedabaudratepossiblyotheroptions(numberofstopbitsparityetc.)load(readfrom)theserialtransmitter(receiver)buffer.Serializationofthedataintheappropriatefmatisthenhledbythehardwarecircuit.Timingcounterfacilities.Manyappli

10、cationofsinglechipmicrocomputersrequireaccurateevaluationofelapsedrealtime.Thiscanbedeterminedbycarefulassessmentoftheexecutiontimeofeachbranchinaprogrambutthisrapidlybecomesinefficientfallbutsimplestprograms.Thepreferre

11、dapproachistousetimercircuitthatcanindependentlycountprecisetimeincrementsgenerateaninterruptafterapresettimehaselapsed.Thistypeoftimerisusuallyarrangedtobereloadablewiththerequiredcount.Thetimerthendecrementsthisvaluepr

12、oducinganinterruptsettingaflagwhenthecounterreacheszero.Bettertimersthenhavetheabilitytoautomaticallyreloadtheinitialcountvalue.Thisrelievestheprogrammeroftheresponsibilityofreloadingthecounterassessingelapsedtimebefethe

13、timerrestartedwhichotherwisewoundbenecessaryifcontinuouspreciselytimedinterruptswererequired(asinaclockfexample).Sometimesassociatedwithtimerisaneventcounter.Withthisfacilitythereisusuallyaspecialinputpinthatcandrivethec

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