[雙語翻譯]人才流失外文翻譯--全球化對發(fā)展中國家“人才流失”的影響

1、2700 英文單詞， 英文單詞，15500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 4400 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Zhatkanbaeva A , Zhatkanbaeva J , Zhatkanbaev E . The Impact of Globalization on “Brain Drain” in Developing Countries[J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,

2、 2012, 47(2):1490-1494.The impact of globalization on “brain drain”in developing countriesA. Zhatkanbaeva, J. Zhatkanbaeva, E. ZhatkanbaevAbstractIn presented paper the impact of globalization on “brain drain” in develop

3、ing countries is considerate. Globalization is primarily manifested in the possibility of educational mobility. The growth of international mobility of scientific personnel is an integral feature of the globalization of

4、science, and in this context, the problem of “brain drain” in developing countries is particularly worrying. Authors offer the reasons of “brain drain” from countries with a low standard of living and propose the Kazakhs

5、tani way of overcoming the stated problem, which combined the experience of a number of countries and today at Kazakhstan has elaborated its policy of training and maintaining the personnel. Some aspects of the given pol

6、icy in present paper were represented.Keywords: “brain drain”, globalization, knowledge, misunderstanding, educationIntroductionThe modern system of education has more and more market relations not only involving new cou

7、ntries but also deepening into new strata of education. Globalization is primarily manifested in the possibility of educational mobility. The growth of international mobility of scientific personnel is an integral featur

8、e of the globalization of science, and in this context, the problem of “brain drain” in developing countries is particularly worrying. 15% - 20% of university graduates leave the country of Kazakhstan in search of the op

9、portunity of self-realization. The problem of “brain drain” is considered as a threat to national security. Just the statement of reasons for “brain drain” is not sufficient to eliminate this phenomenon. Countries are ma

10、king serious political, social and legal efforts. However, the course of this phenomenon is virtually impossible to be reversed. The phenomenon should be officially recognized as a problem and comprehensive measures must

11、 be taken, first of all, while reforming the systems of education and science.Kazakhstan has been taking a series of comprehensive measures of a legal, social and organizational character. What is worth speaking about i

12、s the formation of Kazakhstan's way based on the experience of different countries to overcome this problem. The process of political unification of countries should be used to its best to found international researc

13、h centers, institutions of higher education and international funds of education, which would undoubtedly improve the quality of education and bring more opportunities to find decent jobs within the country. Moreover, sp

14、ecial attention should be paid to the formation of national system of secondary and higher education based on international practice as well as the achievements in scientific, technical and humanitarian spheres.Globaliza

15、tion processes should be also used in the opposite direction. World universities could help donor- countries by means of scientific consulting, assistance in the preparation of curricula based on global trends and by act

16、ualizing certain areas of science, training doctors and of Lomonosov Moscow State University attend competitions held by the KDarynJ, arganization and invite the winners to continue education in Moscow on free of charge

17、basis. Here, it should be noted, that «Daryn» invites representatives of foreign countries to be the jury during those competitions, thereby increasing its status and propagating Kazakhstani education.Thirdly,

18、the process of education at universities of developed countries often based on their own curriculum, where the list of disciplines does not coincide mostly with the list of disciplines of the developing countries. Latter

19、 ostensibly does not meet the international standard requirements, although these requirements do not exist. Therefore, there is a misunderstanding between graduates of foreign and local universities.The fourth aspect is

20、 that the American and British universities design the level of training and education in a way that takes into consideration the requirements of the companies of these countries. And graduates of these universities from

21、 developing countries, returning back to their motherland face some difficulties, such as obsolete technology, techniques, and inappropriate state of business in companies, where they often encounter misunderstanding.Las

22、t but not least, the developing countries are not able to grant the university graduates from developed countries appropriate positions, material resources and salaries corresponding to their knowledge and experience gai

23、ned during their practical work.The problem of the «brain drain» is relevant for Kazakhstan, but not as sharp as for our many neighbors. Majority of the youth are oriented to get higher education abroad and ret

24、urn back to their motherland which is mostly stipulated by mentality, strong relative connections and also by comparative social - economic wellbeing, opportunities of getting a job in state structures, in national and f

25、oreign companies with high salaries and career growth. Statistics show that overwhelming majority of Kazakhstan’s youth working in national companies have bachelor and master diplomas of recognized universities of the wo

26、rld.At the same time, statistic data is relentless. In pursuit of happiness, 10% of all graduates of higher educational establishments of Kazakhstan go abroad, the overwhelming majority of whom are the specialists in a s

27、phere of technical and natural sciences. Not long time ago, gaining independence, the government gathered the Kazakh specialists from all commonwealth of independent countries, granting them accommodation, flats, positio

28、ns, high salaries and perspectives of career growth.The statement of the reasons of the «brain drain» is not enough for the elimination of the phenomena. The general, economic, institutional and other measures

29、are necessary. The world practice accumulated a large experience of dealing with the given problem, which is faced by all the developing countries. Pursuit of well-to-do life, the desire of self - realization and being d

30、emanded are common for everyone. Each state chooses the ways of solving the mentioned problem. We should officially recognize the given phenomena and undertake complex measures, and in the first place in the process of r

31、eforming education and science.Kazakhstan undertakes a number of complex measures of legal, social and organizational character. We should mention the formation of Kazakhstan’s way of overcoming the stated problem, which

32、 combined the experience of a number of countries. Kazakhstan has elaborated its policy of training and maintaining the personnel. Let’s consider some of its aspects.The first aspect is the improvement of the quality of